Hypersonic flow is a regime within fluid dynamics characterized by speeds significantly exceeding the speed of sound (typically Mach 5 or higher), where phenomena such as strong shock waves, high-temperature gas effects, and chemical dissociation/ionization become dominant. As a research field, it investigates the complex physical processes governing the interaction between high-speed bodies and the surrounding fluid medium, which is critical for applications in aerospace engineering, planetary entry, and high-energy physics.